MND

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS (50% - Stephen Hawking)

• Lesion: Motor cortex and ant horn spinal cord
• U or L: Both
• Muscles: All, distal and proximal.
• Pyramidal features: May predominate.

Progressive bulbar palsy PBP (10%)

• Lesion: CN 9-12. Often progresses to ALS.
• U or L: --
• Muscles: Tongue, palate, pharyngeal.
• Pyramidal features: May be present.

Progressive muscular atrophy PMA (10%)

• Lesion: Ant horn cells only
• U or L: LMN only
• Muscles: Distal limb muscles before proximal.
• Pyramidal features: --

Primary lateral sclerosis PLS

• Lesion: Betz cells in the motor cortex.
• U or L: Mainly UMN.
• Muscles: Spastic leg weakness and pseudobulbar.
• Pyramidal features: --